• Survival rates are estimated using the SEER Cancer Incidence Research Database, 2000-2015 and include all primary tumors of the brain, other CNS, pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity (including brain lymphoma and leukemia) in the US.
   
• Worldwide incidence rates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) include primary malignant brain and other CNS (excluding brain lymphoma and leukemia, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity). These global rates are age-adjusted using the world standard population. These rates may be compared to other rates adjusted to the world standard population, but they cannot be compared to rates adjusted to other population standards, such as the 2000 United States standard population.
   
• Incidence rates in the US provided by CBTRUS utilize the 2000 United States standard population and are reported per 100,000 population for 2011-2015. 

• The incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors is 23.03 cases per 100,000 for a total count of 392,982 incident tumors; (7.12 per 100,000 for malignant tumors for a total count of 121,277 incident tumors and 15.91 per 100,000 for non-malignant tumors for a total count of 271,705 incident tumors). The rate is higher in females (25.31 per 100,000 for a total count of 227,834 incident tumors) than in males (20.59 per 100,000 for a total count of 165,148 incident tumors).^a,1
   
• An estimated 86,970 new cases of primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the United States in 2019.¹ This includes an estimated 26,170 primary malignant and 60,800 non-malignant that are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019.^a,1 
   
• The worldwide incidence rate of primary malignant brain and other CNS tumors in 2012, age-adjusted using the world standard population, was 3.4 per 100,000. Incidence rates by gender were 3.9 per 100,000 in males and 3.0 per 100,000 in females. This represented an estimated 139,608 males and 116,605 females who were diagnosed worldwide with a primary malignant brain tumor in 2012, an overall total of 256,213 individuals.² The incidence rates were higher in more developed countries (5.1 per 100,000) than in less developed countries (3.0 per 100,000).²

• The incidence rate of childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US is 5.65 cases per 100,000 for a total 5-year count of 17,273 incident tumors. The rate is higher in males (5.84 per 100,000) than females (5.45 per 100,000).¹
   
• An estimated 3,720 new cases of childhood primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019.¹ 

Adolescent & Young Adult (AYA) Incidence (Ages 15-39 Years)

• The incidence rate of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors is 11.20 cases per 100,000 for a total 5-year count of 57,821 incident tumors.¹ The rate is higher for non-malignant tumors (7.94 per 100,000) than malignant tumors (3.26 per 100,000).¹
   
• An estimated 12,290 new cases of AYA primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2019.⁴ 

Mortality

• The average annual mortality rate in the US between 2011 and 2015 was 4.37 per 100,000 with 77,375 deaths attributed to primary malignant brain and other CNS tumors between 2011 and 2015.^1,3 
   
• An estimated 16,830 deaths will be attributed to primary malignant brain and other CNS tumors in the US in 2018 with 9,490 of these deaths occurring in males and 7,340 occurring in females.⁴

Lifetime Risk

• From birth, a person in the US has a 0.62% chance of ever being diagnosed with a primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) and a 0.47% chance of dying from the primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor.⁵
   
• For males in the US, the risk of developing a primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor is 0.70%, and the risk of dying from a primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) is 0.53%.⁵
   
• For females in the US, the risk of developing a primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor is 0.54%, and the risk of dying from a primary malignant brain/other CNS tumor (excluding lymphomas, leukemias, tumors of pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) is 0.41%.⁵

Survival

• The five–year relative survival rate in the US following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and other CNS tumor (including lymphomas and leukemias, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands, and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) is 35.0% (33.8% for males and 36.4% for females) (2000-2015 data).^1,6
   
• Survival after diagnosis with a primary malignant or non-malignant brain tumor in the US varies significantly by age, histology and behavior. Five-year relative survival rates following diagnosis of a primary malignant brain and other CNS tumor (including lymphoma, leukemia, tumors of the pituitary and pineal glands,  and olfactory tumors of the nasal cavity) by age of diagnosis (2000-2015 data): ^1,6

  Age 0-19 years: 74.1%	Age 55-64 years: 18.5%
  Age 20-44 years: 62.2%	Age 65-74 years: 11.5%
  Age 45-54 years: 33.5%	Age 75 or older: 6.1%

• Survival after diagnosis with a non-malignant brain/other CNS tumor also varies. Five-year relative survival after diagnosis with a non-malignant brain/other CNS tumor is 90.7% in the US, 90.0% for males and 91.1% for females (2004-2015 data).^1,6 

Prevalence

• The prevalence rate for all primary malignant brain and other CNS tumors was estimated to be 47.60 per 100,000 in 2010. It was estimated that more than 103,634 persons were living with a diagnosis of primary brain and other central nervous system tumor in the United States in 2010.⁷
   
• The prevalence rate for all pediatric (ages 0-14) primary malignant brain and other central nervous system tumors was estimated at 22.31 per 100,000 with more than 13,657 cases of children estimated to be living with this diagnosis in the United States in 2010.⁷

Notes

^a Estimated incident numbers for malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors and estimated deaths due to these tumors were calculated for 2018 and 2019 using age-adjusted annual brain tumor incidence rates (2000-2015 for malignant tumors, and 2006-2015 for non-malignant tumors) by state, age, and histologic type.

^b Joinpoint 4.2.0.2 was used to fit regression models to these incidence rates, which were used to predict numbers of cases in future years using the parameter from the selected models. Please see Reference 1 for additional information. 

References

¹ Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Truitt G, Boscia A, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2011-2015. Neuro Oncol. 2018.

² GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. http://globocan.iarc.fr. Accessed 2/19/2014.

³ Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER* Stat Database: Mortality----All COD, Aggregated With State, Total U.S. (1969-2015)<Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment >,National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, released April 2018. Underlying mortality data provided by NCHC (www.cdc.gov/nchs)

⁴ Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics. 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21442. Epub 2018 Jan 4. PubMed PMID: 29313949.

⁵ Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. DevCan database: "SEER 18 Incidence and Mortality, 2000-2014, with Kaposi Sarcoma and Mesothelioma." National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released September 2017, based on the November 2016 submission. Underlying mortality data provided by NCHS (www.cdc.gov/nchs).

⁶ Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence—SEER 18 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2016 Sub (1973-2015 varying)—Linked To County Attributes—Total U.S., 1969-2016 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, released April 2018, based on the November 2017 submission.

⁷ Zhang AS, Ostrom QT, Kruchko C, Rogers L, Peereboom DM, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Complete prevalence of malignant primary brain tumors registry data in the United States compared with other common cancers, 2010. Neuro-Oncology. May 01 2017; 19 (5): 726-735.